Types of ISP

ISP- company that provides internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals

ISP- (Internet Service Provider)

How to choose the right ISP

• Geographical coverage - He will need one in his area because that's were he will use it
• Type of Service - Cable Modem service
• Quality of service - Get a good service that many people recommend
  
• Cost of monthly service - Usually from about $15 to $50
• Extra services - A connection to Internet and email accounts
• Customer services - Ask questions to make sure you got the right thing

He will need a LAN ( local area network) because he will not be traveling with his computer.

Different Kind of Networking

ROUTER

A typical modern home wireless router, in addition to having four wired ports, also allows several devices to connect with it wirelessly. Most modern personals computers are built with a wired port (almost always an Ethernet type), which allows them to connect to a router with the addition of just a cable .

SWITCH

• switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit , interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.

• A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch

"STEPS ON HOW TO INSTALL ANTIVIRUS"

Step 1. Download AVG

You can download AVG FREE by. When prompted, click the Run button.

• Notes: Downloading AVG could take several minutes even with a broadband connection, so be patient and make yourself a cup of tea while you wait.

Step 2. Start the Installation

Now that AVG has downloaded, the installation wizard will start. if it does you’ll need to click Run to confirm.

• Notes: You’ll have a short wait while AVG extracts.

Step 3. The Installation Phase – “Welcome to the AVG Free Setup Program”

First screen: You’ve just entered the Wizard, so click Next.

Second screen: For the Acceptance Notice, click Accept.

Third screen: Read it if you want to, otherwise just click Accept.

Fourth screen: Let the installer do its job and wait patiently.

Fifth screen: Choose Standard, and click Next.

Sixth screen: If the user name isn’t your own name, change it. Click next.

Seventh screen: AVG Security Toolbar

The Toolbar will alert you when it thinks a website is a potential threat, If you don’t want to install it, untick the box. Click Next.

Eighth screen: Setup Summary
Nothing of interest here. Just click Finish.

Tenth screen: SUCCESS! Installation is complete! Click OK.

Step 4. AVG First Run Wizard

First screen: The First Run suit your needs. Click Next.

Second screen: Schedule regular scans and updates
Your computer will need to be switched on to perform a scan. Click Next.

Third screen: Help us to identify new online threats
If you don’t mind AVG knowing which websites you visit,Otherwise, you may want to leave it disabled. Click Next.

Fourth screen: Update AVG protection
Click Next on this screen, and AVG will perform an update.

Fifth screen: AVG Update
Go make yourself another cup of tea! Once completed, you can click Next.

Sixth screen: Register AVG Anti-Virus Free.
So if you want to you can just click Next.

Seventh screen: AVG protection configuration is complete
You’re done, your AVG security software is now fully from the evils of the internet.

"STEPS ON HOW TO INSTALL MOZILLA FIRE FOX"

Step 1

DOWNLOAD MOZILLA FROM FILEHIPPO.COM

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Step 2

Select "Run" to start the download

will be downloaded to a Temporary Folder

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Step 3

Select "Run" to continue.

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Step 4

Welcome Screen, select next

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Step 5

Click "I accept" and next

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Step 6

Click Standard, select next

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Step 7

Firefox will now be installed

"INSTALLING MICROSOFT"

1. Step 1

   Insert the CD-ROM into the computer. Click "OK" at the welcome screen.

2. Step 2

   Enter the product key for Office 2003. The product key is a yellow sticker located on the software packaging.

3. Step 3

   Enter your name, initials and organization in the labeled text boxes. Office uses these settings tolines of text and stamp the owner of the documents.

4. Step 4

   Check the box to accept the license agreement and click the "Next" button.

5. Step 5

   Select "Complete Install" to install all the application's options. Select a directory to save and click the "Next" button.

6. Step 6

   Click "Install" at the summary screen. the software installs on the computer.
   

7. Step 7

   Click the "Finish" button that is displayed at the last

"INSTALLING OPERATING SYSTEM"

To perform a new install of Windows XP:

1. Insert your XP CD in the drive.

2. Click Install Windows.

3. The first setup screen asks you what type of installation to perform.
   

4. If you accept it, click I Accept This Agreement, then click Next.

5. Type in your Windows Product Key, then click Next.

6. The next screen lets you choose from a variety of options. If you'd like to copy all the installation files to your hard drive or you'd like to choose the drive and partition where XP is installed.The Magnifier lets you magnify portions of the screen. Click Next when you ready to proceed.

7. The next screen lets you choose which FileSystem to use.
   

This file system provides better reliability and security, manages your hard disk space more efficiently, and offers additional advanced file functions.

Not all operating systems can handle NTFS, so if you intend to install XP alongside such an operating system, choosing FAT32 is the way to go.

8. If you have an active Internet connection, you can use Dynamic Update to gather the latest XP setup and driver files.Click Next to continue.

9. To ensure your hardware is compatible with XP,
   

Click Finish. Setup will copy installation files to your hard drive, restart your system and proceed through the full setup procedure.

"STEPS ON HOW TO FORMAT COMPUTER"


Before you continue, make sure you have backup of all documents you may need that are saved in C:, My Documents folder or your desktop.

Step 1- Installation CD Insert your Windows XP installation disc into your CD or DVD drive.

Step 2 – Restart your computer and start Windows setup using Microsoft Windows bootable XP disk

Restart your computer. As you computer boots, a screen with message “Press any key to boot from CD. after you enable “Boot from CD” option from your BIOS, the message will show.

Step 3 – System Loading

After you enter the setup, the CD will load up a blue screen and will start loading operating system files. When it finishes,“Press ENTER to set up Windows XP now” is the one we need. Click it.

Step 4 – Accept Windows usage agreement

It should be displayed now, showing that you need to press F8 to accept the agreement. Press F8 to accept. How to format a computer

Step 5 – Setup start

If an existing Windows XP installation is detected by the system, you are prompted to repair it. We will bypass this step

Step 6 – Delete old partition and format

Delete Partition c:

Deleting Partition d:

Deleting Partition w/L

This is where you will delete your partition and format drive C. The box in the lower half of the screen shows all your drives and the partitions that currently exist on your hard disk. Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to highlight/select your “C:” partition and press the “D” key On the next screen press the ‘L’ key to confirm that you want to delete partition “C:”, and finalize the deleting of the partition.How to format a computer

Step 7 – Create installation partition

Now setup tells you the minimum and maximum sizes the partition can use and lets you pick the size. The default size is the maximum available, leave the default value and press Enter.

Step 8 – Format the computer (the hard disk)

Step 9 – Start Windows XP Setup

The computer will reboot several times, and will continue with installation. Don’t remove the Windows XP setup CD, and don’t press a key when prompted.

REBOOT SET-UP

Copying Files

Memory cards are a popular storage medium for many of today's consumer electronics devices, including digital cameras, cellphones, hand held

Common Types of Memory Cards

PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)

The PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times and are suitable for many types of devices. There are three types of PCMCIA cards. All three have the same rectangular size (85.6 by 54 millimeters), but different widths:

• Type I cards can be up to 3.3 mm thick, and are used primarily for adding additional ROM or RAM to a computer.

• Type II cards can be up to 5.5 mm thick. These cards are often used for modem and fax modem cards.

• Type III cards can be up to 10.5 mm thick, which is sufficiently large for portable disk drives.

devices and other small electronic devices. Flash memory is nonvolatile, that is the memory card will not lose its data when removed from the device, and the cards can also be erased or reformatted and reused.

For most consumers, when buying a memory card you have to consider price, capacity and compatibility. Some devices will support up to a specific size of memory card, and a specific type of memory card as well. Its important to read the information that came with your device to ensure you purchase a memory card that will work in your device.

There are a few major types of memory cards that can be

Secure Digital Card (SD card)

SD cards are used in many small portable devices such as digital video camcorders, digital cameras, handheld computers, audio players and mobile phones. In use since 1999, SD Memory Cards are now available in capacities between 16 Megabytes and 1 Gigabyte, and still growing. An SD card typically measures 32 mm x 24 mm x 2.1 mm and weighs approximately 2grams.

Sony Memory Sticks
Sony Memory Sticks are light, compact and designed for a wide variety of devices including digital cameras, recorders, and more. With the use of an adapter most Sony Memory Sticks can be used with almost all Memory Stick PRO compatible products.

• Memory Stick Micro (M2): 15 mm x 12.5 mm x 1.2 mm
• Memory Stick PRO: 50 mm x 21.5 mm x 2.8 mm. The Memory Stick PRO format has an an 8-bit parallel interface with theoretical transfer rates up to 480Mb/s. It is commonly used in high megapixel digital cameras and digital camcorders.

Types of RAM

The following are some common types of RAM:

• SRAM: Static random access memory uses multiple transistors, typically four to six, for each memory cell but doesn't have a capacitor in each cell. It is used primarily for cache.

• DRAM: Dynamic random access memory has memory cells with a paired transistor and capacitor requiring constant refreshing.

• FPM DRAM: Fast page mode dynamic random access memory was the original form of DRAM. It waits through the entire process of locating a bit of data by column and row and then reading the bit before it starts on the next bit. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 176 MBps.

• EDO DRAM: Extended data-out dynamic random access memory does not wait for all of the processing of the first bit before continuing to the next one. As soon as the address of the first bit is located, EDO DRAM begins looking for the next bit. It is about five percent faster than FPM. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 264 MBps.

• SDRAM: Synchronous dynamic random access memory takes advantage of the burst mode concept to greatly improve performance. It does this by staying on the row containing the requested bit and moving rapidly through the columns, reading each bit as it goes. The idea is that most of the time the data needed by the CPU will be in sequence. SDRAM is about five percent faster than EDO RAM and is the most common form in desktops today. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 528 MBps.

• DDR SDRAM: Double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM is just like SDRAM except that is has higher bandwidth, meaning greater speed. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 1,064 MBps (for DDR SDRAM 133 MHZ).

• RDRAM: Rambus dynamic random access memory is a radical departure from the previous DRAM architecture. Designed by Rambus, RDRAM uses a Rambus in-line memory module (RIMM), which is similar in size and pin configuration to a standard DIMM. What makes RDRAM so different is its use of a special high-speed data bus called the Rambus channel. RDRAM memory chips work in parallel to achieve a data rate of 800 MHz, or 1,600 MBps. Since they operate at such high speeds, they generate much more heat than other types of chips. To help dissipate the excess heat Rambus chips are fitted with a heat spreader, which looks like a long thin wafer. Just like there are smaller versions of DIMMs, there are also SO-RIMMs, designed for notebook computers.

• Credit Card Memory: Credit card memory is a proprietary self-contained DRAM memory module that plugs into a special slot for use in notebook computers.

• PCMCIA Memory Card: Another self-contained DRAM module for notebooks, cards of this type are not proprietary and should work with any notebook computer whose system bus matches the memory card's configuration.

TYPES OF MEMORY CARD

A memory card or flash memory card is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device capable of storing digital contents. These are mainly used with digital cameras, handheld and Mobile computers, mobile phones, music players, digital cinematography cameras, video game consoles, and other electronics. They offer high re-record-ability, power-free storage, small form factor, and rugged environmental specifications. There are also non-solid-state memory cards that do not use flash memory, and there are different types of flash memory.Data table of selected memory card formats

			Data table of selected memory card formats
			Name Acronym Form factor DRM PC Card PCMCIA 85.6 × 54 × 3.3 mm None CompactFlash I CF-I 43 × 36 × 3.3 mm None CompactFlash II CF-II 43 × 36 × 5.5 mm None SmartMedia SM / SMC 45 × 37 × 0.76 mm None Memory Stick MS 50.0 × 21.5 × 2.8 mm MagicGate Memory Stick Duo MSD 31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm MagicGate Memory Stick PRO Duo MSPD 31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm MagicGate Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo MSPDX 31.0 × 20.0 × 1.6 mm MagicGate Memory Stick Micro M2 M2 15.0 × 12.5 × 1.2 mm MagicGate Miniature Card 37 x 45 x 3.5 mm None Multimedia Card MMC 32 × 24 × 1.5 mm None Reduced Size Multimedia Card RS-MMC 16 × 24 × 1.5 mm None MMCmicro Card MMCmicro 12 × 14 × 1.1 mm None Secure Digital card SD 32 × 24 × 2.1 mm CPRM SxS SxS Universal Flash Storage UFS miniSD card miniSD 21.5 × 20 × 1.4 mm CPRM microSD card microSD 11 × 15 × 0.7 mm CPRM xD-Picture Card xD 20 × 25 × 1.7 mm None Intelligent Stick iStick 24 x 18 x 2.8 mm None Serial Flash Module SFM 45 x 15 mm None µ card µcard 32 x 24 x 1 mm Unknown NT Card NT NT+ 44 x 24 x 2.5 mm None

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